← Quarks, leptons, and the four fundamental forces

What a proton is made of

A proton holds three quarks, and quarks come in six flavors. So which three does the proton actually use? The recipe turns out to be the same for every proton in the universe.

The proton uses only the two everyday flavors: up and down.

A proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark.
uuda protonquarkhow manyup (u)2down (d)1written: uud

How many up quarks does a proton contain? Enter the number.

Physicists shorten the recipe to one letter per quark: u for an up quark, d for a down quark. Written that way, the proton's quark content is uud.

Every proton is identical: two up quarks and one down quark — uud.

A proton's quark content is written as:

Leo writes a proton's quark content as udd. Is Leo correct?

Your turn

Which set of quarks makes up a proton?

The letters uud describe a particle's quark content. What do they say about it?

Which statement is true of every proton?