← Lenses and images

Convex lens, object beyond the focal point: image profile

Stellan opens a camera and looks at the sensor behind the lens while it points at a tree. The picture falling on the sensor is sharp, bright, and upside down.

You constructed this case last lesson: the object beyond the focal point. Now the result gets stated as a profile you can quote without drawing.

Put any object beyond the focal point of a convex lens.

The construction always ends the same way: the beam's refracted rays actually cross on the far side of the lens.

principal axisfocal pointarrow10 cm30 cmimage
The construction's ending, every time: the rays cross on the far side, below the principal axis.
So the profile: with the object beyond the focal point, a convex lens forms a REAL image, and the image is INVERTED.

Real: the rays actually meet, so a screen or sensor at the crossing catches the picture.

Inverted: the crossing sits on the other side of the principal axis from the object's tip, so the picture is upside down.

The tree is beyond the camera lens's focal point, so the sensor catches a real, upside-down tree.

treecamerasensor
The sensor sits where the rays meet: it catches the tree, real and upside down.

The camera's screen still shows the tree right-way-up because the camera flips the stored picture afterward. The optics deliver it inverted.

State the profile as one performance, both words together: real, inverted.

One case, one profilecaseimageconvex lens, object beyond the focal pointreal, inverted
The profile, stated once: real, inverted.

A classroom projector shines a slide through its convex lens onto a wall screen, with the slide beyond the lens's focal point. Describe the image on the screen and what that forces the operator to do.

The slide sits beyond the focal point, so the profile applies.

The image on the wall is real: the screen catches it because the rays actually meet there.

The image is inverted: the picture lands upside down.

So the operator loads the slide upside down, and the wall shows it right-way-up.

The screen image is real and inverted, so the slide goes in upside down.

Quill points a convex lens at a distant streetlight at night and holds a card behind the lens. What lands on the card, and which way up?

The streetlight is far beyond the focal point.

The profile applies: the lens forms a real image, which a card can catch.

The image is inverted: the lamp's glow lands below where its pole's image sits.

A small, real, upside-down picture of the streetlight lands on the card.

An object sits beyond the focal point of a convex lens. Describe the image the lens forms.

Why can a camera sensor catch the picture a convex lens makes of a tree?

Quill says: 'The picture a camera lens delivers onto the sensor is upside down.' Is Quill correct?

Your turn

A lamp sits beyond the focal point of a convex lens. Which description of the image is correct?

A projectionist loads a slide into a projector upside down, and the audience sees the picture right-way-up. Why does loading it upside down work?

For which object position does a convex lens form a real, inverted image?