Light rays and plane mirrors

Interactive lesson
The ray modelInteractive lesson
Angles are measured from the normalInteractive lesson
The law of reflectionInteractive lesson
Apply the law of reflectionInteractive lesson
Specular vs diffuse reflectionInteractive lesson
Real vs virtual imagesInteractive lesson
Plane-mirror image characteristicsInteractive lesson
Why the plane-mirror image is virtualInteractive lesson
Construct a plane-mirror ray diagramInteractive lesson
Predict the image when the object moves

Curved mirrors

Interactive lesson
Concave or convex mirrorInteractive lesson
The principal axisInteractive lesson
Focal point of a concave mirrorInteractive lesson
Virtual focal point of a convex mirrorInteractive lesson
Principal ray: parallel to the axisInteractive lesson
Principal ray: through the focal pointInteractive lesson
Principal ray: to the mirror's centerInteractive lesson
Construct: concave mirror, object beyond the focal pointInteractive lesson
Concave mirror, object beyond the focal point: image profileInteractive lesson
Construct: concave mirror, object inside the focal pointInteractive lesson
Concave mirror, object inside the focal point: image profileInteractive lesson
Construct: convex mirrorInteractive lesson
Convex mirror: image profile

Refraction

Interactive lesson
What refraction isInteractive lesson
Optical density: light's speed in a mediumInteractive lesson
Why light bendsInteractive lesson
Predict the bending directionInteractive lesson
Index of refractionInteractive lesson
Calculate n from the speed in the mediumInteractive lesson
Calculate the speed in a medium from nInteractive lesson
Which medium bends light moreInteractive lesson
Snell's lawInteractive lesson
Snell's law: find the refraction angleInteractive lesson
Snell's law: find an incidence angle or indexInteractive lesson
Total internal reflectionInteractive lesson
When total internal reflection can happenInteractive lesson
Optical fibers

Lenses and images

Interactive lesson
Converging or diverging lensInteractive lesson
Focal point of a convex lensInteractive lesson
Why a convex lens converges lightInteractive lesson
Virtual focal point of a concave lensInteractive lesson
Principal ray: parallel to the axis (lenses)Interactive lesson
Principal ray: through the lens centerInteractive lesson
Principal ray: through the near focal point (convex lens)Interactive lesson
Construct: convex lens, object beyond the focal pointInteractive lesson
Convex lens, object beyond the focal point: image profileInteractive lesson
Construct: convex lens, object inside the focal pointInteractive lesson
Convex lens, object inside the focal point: image profileInteractive lesson
Construct: concave lensInteractive lesson
Concave lens: image profileInteractive lesson
Read a ray diagramInteractive lesson
Evaluate a flawed ray diagramInteractive lesson
Select the element for the jobInteractive lesson
Determine the full image for any mirror or lens