← Superposition and standing waves

Nodes and antinodes

Lazlo stares at the standing wave on a rope. Halfway along one hump, the rope is a blur of motion. But some points along the rope never move at all.

A standing wave has special points. Some never move; some swing hardest. This lesson names both.

Lazlo picks one of the motionless points. The rope swings on both sides of it, but the point itself stays on the rest line the whole time.

The standing wave, before any labels: two humps swing between the drawn extremes.
A point of a standing wave that never moves is called a node.
nodenodenode
Dots mark the points that never move: the nodes.

Now he looks at the middle of a hump. That point swings farther from the rest line than any other point: it oscillates with maximum amplitude.

A point of a standing wave that oscillates with maximum amplitude is called an antinode.

antinodeantinode
Marks pick out the hardest-swinging points: the antinodes.

Nodes and antinodes alternate along the rope: between two nodes sits one antinode.

A guitar string is held fixed at both ends. A held end cannot move, so each fixed end of the string is a node.

nodenode
A guitar string is held at both ends. Each held end never moves, so each fixed end is a node.

On a standing wave, Kerstin finds a point that stays on the rest line while the cord swings on either side of it. Is that point a node or an antinode?

The point never moves.

A node: a point of a standing wave that never moves.

Joby finds the point at the middle of a hump, swinging farther than any other point. Is that point a node or an antinode?

The point oscillates with maximum amplitude.

An antinode: a point that oscillates with maximum amplitude.

On a standing wave, one point of the string never leaves the rest line. Is this point a node or an antinode?

Another point of the string swings farther from the rest line than any other point. Is this point a node or an antinode?

Kerstin says: 'The fixed ends of a plucked guitar string are nodes.' Is Kerstin correct?

Your turn

Which point of a standing wave is a node?

On a standing wave, the point that swings with the greatest amplitude is called...

A wire is stretched tight between two clamps and set into a standing wave. Why is each clamped end a node?