← Projectiles: two independent motions

Horizontal velocity stays constant

A launcher at the edge of a lab bench fires a steel ball horizontally at 8 m/s. The ball flies out, drops, and lands. During the flight its height changes and its downward speed changes. What happens to its sideways motion?

Track one quantity through the flight: the ball's horizontal velocity, its sideways motion measured at any moment.

At launch, the ball's horizontal velocity is 8 m/s. Halfway down, its horizontal velocity is still 8 m/s. Just before it lands, its horizontal velocity is still 8 m/s.

momenthorizontal velocityat launch8 m/shalfway down8 m/sjust before landing8 m/s
The same reading at every moment: the horizontal velocity stays 8 m/s from launch to landing.
A projectile's horizontal velocity stays the same from launch to landing.

The downward speed keeps changing all flight long. The horizontal velocity is the part of the motion that holds.

benchfloor8 m/sat launch8 m/shalfway down8 m/sjust before landing
The ball at three moments of its flight: the horizontal velocity arrow is the same length at each one.

A golf ball flies from the tee to the green, air resistance ignored. What happens to its horizontal velocity during the flight?

A ball is thrown horizontally from a high bridge. Compare its horizontal velocity 0.5 s and 2.0 s after it leaves the hand.

A ball is thrown horizontally from a pier at 12 m/s. Air resistance is ignored. What is its horizontal velocity just before it hits the water?

Write down the fact:

a projectile's horizontal velocity stays the same from launch to landing

The ball left the pier moving horizontally at 12 m/s.

Its horizontal velocity just before it hits the water is 12 m/s, the same as at launch.

Air resistance is ignored. Lior says a ball that left a shelf moving horizontally at 4 m/s still has a horizontal velocity of 4 m/s just before it lands. Is he correct?

Your turn

Which statement about a projectile's horizontal velocity is true?

A marble leaves a tabletop moving horizontally. Halfway down, how does its horizontal velocity compare with its launch value?

A ball arcs through the air after a throw, air resistance ignored. During which part of the flight does its horizontal velocity change?