← The photon model

Photons explain instant ejection

Gwenno flips on a dim ultraviolet lamp over a zinc plate. In the very first instant, electrons are already leaving. No warm-up, no build-up.

The wave model needed a wait: dim, spread-out energy should take time to gather. No wait is ever seen. The photon model explains the instant start.

Ejection is not a slow fill. It is one event: a photon is absorbed, and an electron leaves.

Electrons eject immediately even in dim light because each electron absorbs the energy of a single photon in one lump, and cannot pool energy from many photons: a single above-threshold photon frees an electron the moment it is absorbed.
lampzincswitched offdial at a dim mark
Before: the dim lamp is off. Nothing arrives.

Dim light means few photons each second. It does not make any photon weaker, and it does not add a wait.

The very first ultraviolet photons reaching Gwenno's zinc already eject electrons.

lampzincdial at a dim markthe first photon, absorbed
The instant the first photon is absorbed, its electron leaves. No build-up.

So the delay the wave model demanded never exists. There is no energy tank to fill; the whole lump lands at once.

What dimness does change is the pace: fewer photons each second means fewer ejections each second. The first ones are still instant.

lampzincdial at a dim mark
Dimness spaces the events out. It never delays the first one.

Faint ultraviolet light reaches a zinc plate. When do the first electrons leave?

Each arriving photon is a whole lump, above zinc's threshold.

An electron absorbs one photon and is freed the moment it absorbs it.

Faintness lowers how often photons arrive, not what each one does.

The first electrons leave the moment the first photons are absorbed.

A very dim violet lamp, above a metal's threshold, sends only a few hundred photons to the plate each second. When does the first ejection happen?

Every one of those photons carries an above-threshold lump.

The first one absorbed frees its electron at that moment.

Nothing needs to build up first, because no electron pools energy.

At the first absorption: at once, with no build-up.

A dim lamp, above a metal's threshold frequency, switches on over the plate. When does the first electron leave?

Why is there no delay before the first ejection, even in very dim light?

Farid says: 'Even very dim light above the threshold starts ejecting electrons the instant it arrives.' Is Farid correct?

Your turn

Which statement explains the instant start of ejection under dim above-threshold light?

An ultraviolet lamp above a zinc plate is dimmed to one-hundredth of its brightness. What happens to the start of ejection when it switches on?

A sensor watches a zinc plate as faint ultraviolet light arrives photon by photon. Which pattern does it record?