← The motor effect

Stronger field, bigger force

A current-carrying wire runs straight across the field lines. Does it feel a force?

One rig: a wire straight across the field between two magnets, carrying a steady current. The current and the length of wire in the field stay fixed. Only the magnets change.

With a weak pair of magnets, the wire feels a small force.

The weak magnets are swapped for a stronger pair. The current has not changed. The wire feels a bigger force.

An even stronger pair goes in. The force grows again.

Same current, different magnetsMagnetsForce on the wireweak pairsmallstronger pairbiggerstrongest pairbiggest
The current never changes. Stronger magnets, bigger force.
With the current and the wire unchanged: the stronger the magnetic field, the bigger the motor-effect force.

The field's strength changes only the force's size here. The field still points the same way, so Fleming's left-hand rule gives the same force direction.

A rig's magnets are swapped for a stronger pair. Nothing else changes. What happens to the force on the wire?

A rig's magnets are swapped for weaker ones. The current and the wire stay as they were. What happens to the force on the wire?

The worked exampleChangeForce on the wiremagnets swapped for weaker onessmaller

Only the field strength has changed.

A weaker field means a smaller motor-effect force.

The force gets smaller.

Cole says the magnets do not matter, because the force comes from the current. Is Cole correct?

A student says stronger magnets make the force bigger but do not change its direction. Is the student correct?

Your turn

An electromagnet provides the field for a motor-effect rig. The electromagnet's current is turned up, so its field gets stronger. The rig wire's own current is unchanged. What happens to the force on the rig wire?

Two rigs carry the same current in the same length of wire. Rig J uses weak magnets; rig K uses strong magnets. Which wire feels the bigger force?

Which change makes the force on a current-carrying wire bigger?