← Magnets and magnetic fields; electromagnets

The repulsion test

A steel clip is not a magnet. What can a magnet do to the clip?

In a drawer sits an unlabeled steel bar. It might be a magnet. It might be plain steel. A second, labeled magnet can settle it.

The last lesson drew the line: two magnets can attract or repel, but a magnetic material can only be attracted. That one-sidedness is the test.

Bring one pole of the known magnet toward one end of the mystery bar, and watch.

Suppose the end swings away: the bar repels the known pole. Only a magnet can repel. So the bar is a magnet.

Now suppose the end is attracted toward the known magnet instead. A magnet attracts the unlike pole of another magnet. A magnet also attracts any magnetic material. So attraction cannot tell the two apart. The bar could be a magnet, or just a magnetic material.

What does the observation prove?ObservationVerdictthe bar repels the polea magnetthe bar is attracted to the polecannot tella different rod repels the polea magnet
Repulsion settles it. Attraction never does.
Repulsion is the only conclusive evidence. If the object repels a pole of a known magnet, it is a magnet. If it only attracts, the test has not settled it.

One pole of a known magnet repels a metal bar's end. What is the bar?

Omar brings a known magnet's N pole toward an unlabeled metal rod. The rod's end swings away. What is the rod?

The rod repels the known magnet's pole.

Only a magnet can repel.

The rod is a magnet.

A kitchen knife's steel blade clings to a known magnet. Does this prove the blade is a magnet?

The blade is attracted to the known magnet.

A magnet attracts unlike poles of other magnets, and it also attracts any magnetic material.

So attraction alone cannot tell which one the blade is.

No. The blade could be a magnet, or just a magnetic material.

Jude says a bar that clings to a known magnet must itself be a magnet. Is Jude correct?

Petra says an object that repels one pole of a known magnet must itself be a magnet. Is Petra correct?

Your turn

Hana tests an unlabeled bar from a garage shelf with a known magnet's S pole. The bar's end pushes away. What is the bar?

A metal rod in a toolbox is attracted to a known magnet. Attraction cannot settle what the rod is. Why?

Which observation proves that an object is a magnet?