← Describing rotation

The radian

A toy train runs on a circular track of radius 2 m. The train moves 2 m along the track's edge: exactly one radius-length of travel.

Degrees are not the only way to measure the swept angle. The circle offers a natural angle of its own.

The distance measured along the circle's edge is called the arc length.

The train's arc length here is 2 m, and the circle's radius is also 2 m.

1 radiancenterradius 2 marc length 2 m
When the arc length equals the radius, the swept angle is 1 radian.
When the arc length equals the circle's radius, the swept angle is called one radian.

The radian uses the circle's own radius as its measuring stick.

Each further radius-length of arc sweeps one more radian: a 4 m arc on this circle sweeps 2 radians.

2 radianscenterradius 2 m4 m
A 4 m arc on this circle sweeps 2 radians.

The circle's whole edge is 2π radii long, because the circumference is 2π times the radius.

So one full turn sweeps 2π radians, which is about 6.28 radians.

123456the leftover: 0.28 of a radiusa full turn: 2π radians, about 6.28
The whole edge is 2π radii long, so a full turn sweeps 2π radians, about 6.28.

The count of radians does not depend on the circle's size: a bigger circle has a longer edge, but its measuring stick, the radius, grows to match.

On a circular track of radius 5.0 m, a robot vacuum moves 15 m along the edge. Enter the swept angle in radians.

Dagny says: 'On a circle of radius 9 m, moving 9 m along the edge sweeps an angle of one radian.' Is Dagny correct?

On a circle of radius 6.0 m, an object moves 6.0 m along the edge. State the swept angle.

The arc length, 6.0 m, equals the radius, 6.0 m.

The swept angle is 1 radian.

On the same circle of radius 6.0 m, the object moves 12 m along the edge. State the swept angle.

The arc is two radius-lengths: 12 m is two lots of 6.0 m.

Each radius-length of arc sweeps one radian.

The swept angle is 2 radians.

Your turn

A remote-control car drives a circle of radius 1.6 m, traveling 12.8 m along it. Enter the swept angle in radians.

A circle has a radius of 7 m. Which move sweeps an angle of exactly 1 radian?

Which statement about radians is correct?

When the distance moved along a circle's edge equals the circle's radius, the swept angle is called one ___.