Dmitri gets a stalled go-kart rolling. On the first try, he exerts a steady 10 N net force on it for 2 s. On the second try, from rest again, he exerts 20 N for 2 s.
Which try gives the go-kart more momentum?
The two tries last the same time, 2 s each. Only the force differs.
You have seen in dynamics that a larger net force gives the same mass a larger acceleration.
A larger acceleration, held for the same time, adds more velocity.
More velocity on the same mass means more momentum, because p = mv.
So the 20 N try gives the go-kart more momentum. Double the force, and the momentum gained doubles.
A 30 N net force acts on one of two identical wagons for 3 s; a 15 N net force acts on the other for 3 s. Which wagon gains more momentum?
The net force on a cart is doubled, and the time it acts stays the same. What happens to the cart's momentum gain?
Two identical ice sleds start from rest. A 24 N net force acts on one for 4 s; a 12 N net force acts on the other for 4 s. Which sled gains more momentum?
The times are equal, so the forces decide.
24 N is twice 12 N.
The 24 N sled gains more momentum, twice as much.
Two equal 18 N net forces act on identical carts for 2 s each. Which cart gains more momentum?
The forces are equal, and the times are equal too.
Nothing differs between the two carts.
Neither: equal forces for equal times cause equal momentum gains.
Anouk says: 'With the time fixed, a larger net force gives a cart a larger momentum gain.' Is Anouk correct?
A net force acts on each of three identical scooters for 2.0 s: 18 N on the first, 12 N on the second, 6 N on the third. Which scooter gains the most momentum?
Each of two tugboats applies a steady force to its own identical small boat for 5.0 s: 800 N from the first, 400 N from the second. Which feature decides which boat gains more momentum?
Two net forces act on identical carts for equal times. Which statement is correct?